Chapter 7 · 18 min

When the System Changes

Chapter 7 of How the Brain Works: When the System Changes.

How the Brain Works | Ch 7 Part 1/2: When the System Changes ↗How the Brain Works | Ch 7 Part 2/2: When the System Changes ↗

Visual credits

10 sources

Sources and credits for imagery used in this film, including material incorporated into explanatory animations.

Mangiardi et al. 2023 Figure 1: complete CT-perfusion figure and caption, full-width crop
Marilena Mangiardi and coauthors
View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 4.0
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
Portrait of George Huntington
Wellcome Collection; original portrait maker not identified
View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 4.0
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
Portrait of George Huntington — Wellcome Collection; original portrait maker not identified. CC BY 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_George_Huntington_Wellcome_L0029545.jpg
Autosomal dominant inheritance, pedigree example
Rollcloud
View original source ↗Source licence: Public domain
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
Autosomal dominant inheritance pedigree — Rollcloud. Public domain.
Woody Guthrie 2
Al Aumuller/ New York World-Telegram and the Sun (uploaded by User:Urban )
View original source ↗Source licence: Public domain
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
Woody Guthrie, 8 March 1943 — Al Aumuller, New York World-Telegram and the Sun / Library of Congress. Public domain.
Nancy Wexler portrait
Christopher Michel
View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 2.0
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
Nancy Wexler portrait — Christopher Michel. CC BY 2.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nancy_Wexler_(1).jpg
Huntington
Frank Gaillard
View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
Huntington disease, coronal FSPGR MRI — Frank Gaillard, via Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Huntington.jpg
Complete Figure 4 with all panels A B C, every axis tick and label, full right-hand colour scale and Phase C legends, and full Figure 4 caption. Prior extraction cut off the right-hand labels and bottom caption; include the entire width of the figure and caption, with generous margins. Do not crop one panel or clip any text. (cropped figure, PDF page 8)
Handsaker, Kashin, Reed et al.
View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 4.0
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
202105 Corticospinal tract
DBCLS/TogoTV; designed by erico; edited by Hiromasa ONO
View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 4.0
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
Corticospinal tract — DBCLS/TogoTV; designed by erico, edited by Hiromasa ONO. CC BY 4.0. https://doi.org/10.7875/togopic.2021.063
ALS TDP-43 immunohistochemistry
Jensflorian
View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
ALS TDP-43 immunohistochemistry — Jensflorian. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ALS-TDP-43_IHC.jpg
CDC ADDM 2022 autism prevalence by surveillance site
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
View original source ↗Source licence: U.S. federal public-domain default, subject to item credits
Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.
Autism prevalence among monitored eight-year-olds by ADDM surveillance site, surveillance year 2022 — CDC. Use of CDC material does not imply endorsement by CDC, HHS or the U.S. Government. This material is available free on the CDC website linked above.

Animation design references 1 sources

These works informed the design of explanatory animations. A reference listed here is not necessarily reproduced on screen.

Gray's Anatomy plate 517 brain
Henry Vandyke Carter
View original source ↗Source licence: Public domain
Gray's Anatomy plate 517 — Henry Vandyke Carter. Public domain.

Research references

Selected sources from the episode’s research and scientific figures.

How this film was made

Created and editorially directed by Anders Lunde using a custom production system developed over six months. AI assists research, drafting, programming, and visual production; I review and edit the material and make the final editorial decisions. Narration uses text-to-speech. Visuals combine custom-built scientific animations, AI-generated reconstructions, and credited scientific imagery.

Generated reconstructions illustrate scientific interpretations. They are distinct from photographs, specimens, and measured data.

More about the creator and production →

Visual credits

Mangiardi et al. 2023 Figure 1: complete CT-perfusion figure and caption, full-width crop

Portrait of George Huntington

Autosomal dominant inheritance, pedigree example

Woody Guthrie 2

Nancy Wexler portrait

Huntington

202105 Corticospinal tract

ALS TDP-43 immunohistochemistry

CDC ADDM 2022 autism prevalence by surveillance site

Gray's Anatomy plate 517 brain

Research references

How this film was made