Circuits and an Organized Brain

Sources and credits for imagery used in this film, including material incorporated into explanatory animations.

• Human brain, sagittal section 1

  Themium

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC0

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Thomas Willis, Cerebri anatome, Figure I (1664)

  Thomas Willis; illustration credited in the 1664 preface to Christopher Wren; Wellcome Collection scan

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 4.0

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Midline sagittal view of the brainstem and cerebellum - Arbor vitae

  Christian Brogna, José Pedro Lavrador, Hussein Shaaban Kandeel, Ahmad Beyh, Eduardo C. Ribas, Francesco Vergani & Christos M. Tolias

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 4.0

• Human brain left midsagitttal view closeup description 2

  John A Beal, PhD Dep't. of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 2.5

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Human Brodmann cortical fields, 1909

  Korbinian Brodmann

  View original source ↗Source licence: Public domain

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Gray anatomy plate752, exposed association fibres

  Henry Vandyke Carter; Henry Gray, revised by Warren H. Lewis

  View original source ↗Source licence: Public domain

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Hippocampus

  Images are generated by Life Science Databases(LSDB).

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY-SA 2.1 jp

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Ran et al. 2022, Figure 1: Tuning of NTS neurons to gut and upper airway stimuli

  Chen Ran, Jack C. Boettcher, Judith A. Kaye, Catherine E. Gallori and Stephen D. Liberles

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 4.0

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Dti-tractography-normal-corpus-callosum

  TAbildskov

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY-SA 3.0

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Maier-Hein 2017 Figure 5, complete standalone figure artwork

  Klaus H. Maier-Hein and coauthors

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY4.0

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• Gordon et al. 2023, Figure 1: Precision functional mapping of primary motor cortex

  Evan M. Gordon, Roselyne J. Chauvin, Andrew N. Van and coauthors

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY 4.0

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

• IBL brain-wide recordings, Figure2

  International Brain Laboratory and named coauthors

  View original source ↗Source licence: CC BY4.0

  Incorporated into an explanatory animation; presentation may include cropping, labels and overlays.

Research references

Selected sources from the episode’s research and scientific figures.

1. Nature paper ↗
2. Primary record and DOI ↗
3. Dichter et al. human vocal-pitch recording and stimulation ↗
4. Schmitt et al. 2017 ↗
5. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11846 ↗
6. Azevedo et al. 2009 ↗
7. Schmahmann and Sherman 1998 ↗
8. Zeng et al., Science, 26 October 2018 ↗
9. Kupari et al. 2019 ↗
10. Primary paper ↗
11. Maier-Hein et al. 2017 ↗
12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3174820/ ↗
13. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05964-2 ↗
14. Lavenex and Amaral 2000 ↗
15. 2023 primary human study ↗
16. Source page and reuse statement ↗
17. Version 1 README, p. 1 ↗
18. Digitized book, 548 images ↗
19. Journey of Sound, NIH/NIDCD ↗
20. How Does the Human Body Produce Voice and Speech?, NIH ↗
21. Brain-wide map, Sainsbury Wellcome Centre ↗
22. Brainwide Map and Beyond, Gaëlle Chapuis / NeuroFM Workshop ↗
23. Willis historical context ↗
24. https://download.alleninstitute.org/informatics-archive/allen_human_reference_atlas_3d_2020/version_1/README.pdf): ↗
25. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kv8rzxwe): ↗
26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JF8rlKuSoFM): ↗
27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETvTSwEgJRM): ↗
28. https://royalsociety.org/blog/2022/01/circle-of-willis/): ↗
29. NIDCD hearing account ↗
30. UT Houston auditory pathways, section 13.1 ↗
31. García-Gomar et al. human subcortical MRI atlas ↗
32. Simonyan and Horwitz 2011 ↗
33. Primary text ↗
34. corticofugal gating in anesthetized guinea pigs ↗
35. Sherman 2007 ↗
36. Hwang et al. 2017 ↗
37. Rikhye et al. 2018 ↗
38. Mukherjee et al. 2021 ↗
39. Scott, Mukherjee, Nassar and Halassa 2024 ↗
40. abstract ↗
41. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr3675 ↗
42. AAAS publisher release ↗
43. Purves, Circuits within the Basal Ganglia System ↗
44. 2023 beginners review ↗
45. Calabresi et al. 2014 ↗
46. PMC13323681 ↗
47. Schmahmann's 2019 review ↗
48. 2021 update ↗
49. Herculano-Houzel's 2010 comparative analysis ↗
50. Tanaka et al. 2020 ↗
51. Hull 2020, eLife 9:e54073 ↗
52. 2024 Cerebral Cortex study, bhae382 ↗
53. Prescott and Liberles 2022, *Internal senses of the vagus nerve* ↗
54. full-text route ↗
55. Min et al. 2019 ↗
56. 2019 autonomic critique ↗
57. Bai et al. 2019, genetic identification of feeding-related vagal sensory neurons ↗
58. Chen et al. 2015 ↗
59. 2024 arcuate review ↗
60. *Hunger from within* 2021 ↗
61. Ran et al. 2022, *A brainstem map for visceral sensations* ↗
62. Craig 2002 ↗
63. 2003 article ↗
64. Del Negro, Funk and Feldman 2018 ↗
65. PubMed with figures ↗
66. *Respiratory rhythm: an emergent network property?* ↗
67. Vann et al. 2018 ↗
68. Yeo et al. 2011 ↗
69. Logothetis et al. 2001, monkey physiology/fMRI comparison ↗
70. IBL 2025 ↗
71. Author-institution record ↗
72. author-hosted primary PDF ↗
73. Schilling et al. 2019 ↗
74. 2019 benchmark review ↗
75. Author release ↗
76. Honey et al. 2009 ↗
77. NIMH ↗
78. S1200 release ↗
79. Primary record ↗
80. author-lab full text ↗
81. published-version repository ↗
82. IBL source-owner page ↗
83. Lemon 2008, *Descending Pathways in Motor Control* ↗
84. Institutional teaching copy ↗
85. author PDF ↗
86. institutional record ↗
87. Muret, Makin and Diedrichsen's open review ↗
88. *White matter connections within the central sulcus subserving the somato-cognitive action network*, Brain 2025 ↗
89. Primary paper ↗
90. author-lab record ↗
91. Lavenex, Suzuki and Amaral 2004 ↗
92. plate record ↗
93. Project ↗
94. dataset license discussion ↗
95. CONP dataset ↗
96. institutional release ↗
97. Young Adult project ↗
98. IBL policies ↗
99. PMC ↗
100. What Is Sound?, NIH4Health ↗
101. Hearing: A Gateway to Our World, NIH ↗
102. Data from IBL, Neurodata Without Borders ↗
103. IBL dataset, Neuromatch ↗
104. search hit ↗